Volts And Bolts

Some pylons near a power transform station at sunrise. More voltage in an electrical system makes more current flow. dowell/Getty Images
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So much of our daily lives runs on electricity, yet most of us don't know the difference between a 60-watt and 75-watt light bulb, or how voltage from the wall socket supplies enough juice to run both a small desk lamp and a powerful microwave.

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­The­ three most basic units in electricity are voltage (V), current (I, uppercase 'i') and resistance (R). Voltage is measured in volts, current is measured in amps and resistance is measured in ohms.

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A neat analogy to help understand these terms is a system of plumbing pipes. The voltage is equivalent to the water pressure, the current is equivalent to the flow rate, and the resistance is like the pipe size.

There is a basic equation in electrical engineering that states how the three terms relate. It says that the current is equal to the voltage divided by the resistance or I = V/R. This is known as Ohm's law.

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Let's see how this relation applies to the plumbing system. Let's say you have a tank of pressurized water connected to a hose that you are using to water the garden.

What happens if you increase the pressure in the tank? You probably can guess that this makes more water come out of the hose. The same is true of an electrical system: Increasing the voltage will make more current flow.

Let's say you increase the diameter of the hose and all of the fittings to the tank. You probably guessed that this also makes more water come out of the hose. This is like decreasing the resistance in an electrical system, which increases the current flow.

Electrical power is measured in watts. In an electrical system power (P) is equal to the voltage multiplied by the current.

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The water analogy still applies. Take a hose and point it at a waterwheel like the ones that were used to turn grinding stones in watermills. You can increase the power generated by the waterwheel in two ways. If you increase the pressure of the water coming out of the hose, it hits the waterwheel with a lot more force and the wheel turns faster, generating more power. If you increase the flow rate, the waterwheel turns faster because of the weight of the extra water hitting it.

On the next page, we'll talk more about electrical efficiency.

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Electrical Efficiency

Electrical systems are more efficient when a higher voltage is used to reduce current. SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images

In an electrical system, increasing either the current or the voltage will result in higher power. Let's say you have a system with a 6-volt light bulb hooked up to a 6-volt battery. The power output of the light bulb is 100 watts. Using the equation I = P/V, we can calculate how much current in amps would be required to get 100 watts out of this 6-volt bulb.

You know that P = 100 W, and V = 6 V. So, you can rearrange the equation to solve for I and substitute in the numbers.

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I = 100 W/6 V = 16.67 amps

What would happen if you use a 12-volt battery and a 12-volt light bulb to get 100 watts of power?

I = 100 W/12 V = 8.33 amps

So, this latter system produces the same power, but with half the current. There is an advantage that comes from using less current to make the same amount of power. The resistance in electrical wires consumes power, and the power consumed increases as the current going through the wires increases. You can see how this happens by doing a little rearranging of the two equations. What you need is an equation for power in terms of resistance and current. Let's rearrange the first equation:

I = V/R can be restated as V = I*R

Now you can substitute the equation for V into the other equation:

P = V*I substituting for V we get P = I*R*I, or P = I2*R

What this equation tells you is that the power consumed by the wires increases if the resistance of the wires increases (for instance, if the wires get smaller or are made of a less conductive material). But it increases dramatically if the current going through the wires increases. So, using a higher voltage to reduce the current can make electrical systems more efficient. The efficiency of electric motors also improves at higher voltages.

This improvement in efficiency is what drove the automobile industry to consider switching from 12-volt electrical systems to 42-volt systems in the 1990s. As more cars shipped with electric-powered amenities — video displays, seat heaters, 'smart' climate control — they required thick bundles of wiring to supply enough current. Switching to a higher-voltage system would provide more power with thinner-gauge wiring.

The switch never happened, because carmakers were able to boost efficiencies with digital technology and more efficient electric pumps at 12 volts. But some new models employ hybrid systems with a separate 48-volt generator to power advanced features like idle shut-off while increasing overall system efficiency.

To learn more about electricity and related topics, check out the links on the next page.

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Lucky players might find some shocking riches if they tinker with the Volts and Bolts slot machine. These beautiful slots from SG Interactive feature a quirky look and a few fun surprises.

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The mad scientist’s experiments have mutated the reels to have chances to win loaded free spins or even one of four jackpots through the robot bonus game. Will this free online slot light up with energy or just fizzle out?

SG Interactive has done a wonderful job with the design for Volts and Bolts. It’s impressive just from a technical standpoint. Everything has a great 3D look to it and the game starts off with a fun animated short. The background is downright cool with a shocking number of little details filling out the space.

Flasks bubble, gears and dials spin and turn, and even a few small tentacles twitch as they try to escape. The reels spin across a bookshelf in the laboratory. It’s a nice effect, although the scattered papers that decorate the bookshelf can be distracting while the spin settles.

The sound design is fun, with a delightful mad science soundtrack full of sci-music, clicking gears and crackling electricity. The mad scientist also steps in to cackle maniacally for the free spin bonus.

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The symbols are also well done. While the game does use generic card symbols for the lower values, the “A, K, Q and J” are at least done in a wild font. The rest of the symbols are all in theme with the game featuring a wrench, voltage meter, a notebook, a brain, a battery, the scientist, the robot and the Volts and Bolts logo.

The icing on the cake for the design is the great animations that are included for every symbol. Even the card symbols flip and dance on a winning payline as lines of electricity arc out to connect the winners. The entire robot bonus game is based around merging the robot symbols into unique, larger robot symbols with plenty of fun poses. It’s an entertaining and impressive display.

The Gameplay

The core gameplay in Volts and Bolts is fairly standard. The game features 5 reels and 3 rows with a total of 50 paylines in play. Players do not have the option to play fewer than 50 paylines. All symbols have to start on the leftmost reel and follow a payline to the right.

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Wild symbols are included in the game, but they cannot fill in for the scientist or robot bonus symbols. The wilds can also only appear on reels 2, 3, 4 and 5.

An unfortunate part of Volts and Bolts is that most of the winnings are tied into the bonus round. The jackpots can only be won in the robot bonus and there aren’t a lot of winnings waiting on the main reels.

The payouts aren’t great per line, especially since players have to pay for 50 at a time at at least a penny each, so losses really hurt. It takes a full set of 4 of the logo symbols to actually break even on a single line.

The sets of 3 are only giving back nickels and dimes which are really more for keeping morale up rather than healing the bankroll. Since 50 paylines are in play there is a chance for a lot to trigger at once for a big payout, but without any extra features on the reels, the big wins aren’t going to feel as common. There are some nice opportunities to strike it big in either of the bonus rounds though.

The Bonus Rounds

Volts and Bolts features two potential bonus rounds. As a fun aside, it’s possible to trigger both of them on the same spin. In that case, players will play the robot bonus and then the free spin round. The free games round offers a fun set of games on some loaded reels.

Any of the 5 reels can have a scientist symbol appear during a normal spin. Getting at least 3 anywhere on the reels is enough to win 12 free spins and 2x the total bet.

Getting 4 or 5 doesn’t pay out additional free spins, but it does up the immediate payout to 15x and 100x the total bet respectively.

These free spins have a minor twist to them to make them a little more interesting. The third reel is modified during all of the free spins to only have scientist symbols or wild symbols.

The wild symbols are great for setting up some big wins across multiple paylines, and putting a few extra scientists into the mix is nice since it is possible to retrigger the free spin bonus during the free spin round. Once all the free spins run out then the winnings will pay out and the bonus round will end.

The second bonus round is the robot bonus. This one is triggered by getting at least 6 robot symbols anywhere on the reels in one spin. Before the bonus round starts, these 6 symbols will be locked into their places on the reels. The bonus is fairly simple.

The reels spin but it’s not about making winning combinations. All that matters is whether any robot bonus symbols appear in the remaining empty spaces. If a bonus symbol appears, it will also lock into place and merge to form possible blocks with adjacent robot symbols.

The robot bonus uses 5 free spins and there is no way to get more. Getting a full set of 15 will automatically end the game as a blackout. Once it’s done, the robot spaces on the board will convert to their bonus value. The value depends on how big of a symbol players were able to make.

Getting just 1, 2 or 3 adjacent symbols respectively pays 1x, 3x and 5x the total bet. This means that the bonus does have a minimum payout of at least 6x the total bet. Things get interesting on the larger blocks though. Blocks that are at least 4 spaces big do not have a set payout.

After the smaller spaces pay, players will get to turn their large blocks into bonus reels that determine what they’re worth. A block between 4 and 9 spaces can trigger the mini (20x total bet) or minor (100x total bet) jackpots or award another smaller random cash payout limited by the size of the block. Blocks that are at least 10 spaces big can pay out the mini, minor or major (2,000x total bet) jackpots or up to 150x the total bet as a random cash payout.

12 Blocks pays out the minor or major jackpot or up to 250x the total bet. A full set of 15 can pay out the major or grand (5,000x total bet) jackpots or up to 750x the total bet.

A Shocking Conclusion

Volts and Bolts is a pretty great game for players who love bonus features or just players who are looking for something new. The design is great and creates a really fun and involved experience.

The bonus games are also interesting without being too complicated, and the potential rewards aren’t bad either. Veteran players or fans of just playing core slots may be a little disappointed with the lower payouts and the focus on the bonuses.

The slightly low RTP of 95.63% is also a little disappointing, but not necessarily a deal breaker. Players will have to decide for themselves whether the fun of the bonuses is worth a slightly lower return than other simpler machines.